What Are Ultrasonic Flow Meters?
An ultrasonic flow meter is a non-invasive flow-measuring device that uses sound waves to determine the flow rate of liquids. Offering high accuracy, low maintenance requirements, and versatility, these flow meters can be used for various applications, including industrial processes, water treatment, and energy management.
How Do Flow Meters Work?
Ultrasonic flow meters work by sending sound waves through the liquid and measuring how long it takes to pass through. Sound waves are sent in the direction of the flow, and the flow rate is generated based on the transit time between two points.
There are two main types of ultrasonic flow meters – transit time flow meters and Doppler flow meters. Coltraco Ultrasonics offer ultrasonic transit time flowmeters that are high in accuracy and versatility using clamp-on sensors,
Transit Time Flow Meters
Transit-time ultrasonic flow meters measure the difference in transit time between sound waves travelling with and against the flow. In this type of meter, two transducers are installed on opposite sides of the pipe, one sends a sound wave through the fluid in the direction of the flow, and the other receives it. The transit time is then calculated by comparing the time the wave travels from the first transducer to the second transducer with and against the flow. These are the Portasonic® and Permaflow® product range.
Doppler Flow Meters
Doppler ultrasonic flow meters, on the other hand, measure the frequency shift of sound waves reflected off of moving particles in the fluid or gas bubbles. In this type of meter, a single transducer sends a sound wave into the fluid, and the frequency shift of the wave is measured as it is reflected off of moving particles in the fluid. The flow rate can then be calculated based on the frequency shift of the reflected wave. Coltraco Ultrasonics currently do not have any Doppler Flow Meters in our range.
Typical Applications
Ultrasonic flow meters can be used for various commercial applications, including liquid measurement flow in full pipes, the measurement of clean liquids, including water, wastewater, oils, solvents, acids, and other conductive liquids, and the control of HVAC systems. The ultrasonic flow meter is ideal for applications where disrupting the flow is not an option as the technology is non-invasive and introduces zero downtime to the system.
These ultrasonic meters offer non-invasive flow measurements from outside the pipe wall. Using ultrasonic transducers that are clamped to the external wall of the pipe, the devices use ultrasonic pulses to determine flow rate and transit time.
Transit Time Ultrasonic Flow Meter Operating Principle
The Portasonic® and Permaflow® range of ultrasonic flow meter works on the transit-time principle. The principle of flow measurement using ultrasonic clamp-on transit time measurement is simple and can be illustrated in the figure below.
![ultrasonic flow meter drawing ultrasonic flow meter drawing](https://coltraco.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Transit-Time-Principle-300x182.jpg)
Two ultrasonic sensors are clamped to the outside of the pipe at a pre-determined distance apart. The ultrasonic signal travels between the transmitters through the pipe wall and the fluid within the pipe. If the fluid is flowing, then it takes slightly longer for the ultrasound to travel against the flow (upstream time T_up) than with the flow (downstream time T_down).
In a typical installation, the individual times measured upstream and downstream are just a few hundred microseconds, the difference between them is typically measured in tens of nanoseconds.
This very small time difference (T_up – T_down) is measured by the flowmeter and is directly proportional to the fluid’s flow velocity (V).
Doppler Ultrasonic Flow Meter Operating Principle
Ultrasonic flow meters use a single ultrasonic transducer that emits high-frequency sound waves into the fluid. The sound waves reflect off the particles or bubbles in the fluid and create a frequency shift known as the Doppler shift. The change in frequency is proportional to the fluid velocity. The flow velocity and volume can be calculated by measuring the Doppler shift.
Types of Flow Measured by Portasonic® PLUS and Permaflow®
Volumetric Flow Rate: Knowing the pipe’s internal cross-sectional area the ultrasonic flow meter can calculate the volume flow rate in many common engineering units such as litres per hour (l/h), gallons per minute (GPM) etc. This gives a measurement unit similar to that given by a vortex flow meter, variable area flow meter, differential pressure flow meter, or another inline flow meter.
Mass Flow Rate: Incorporating the density of the fluid allows the ultrasonic meters to calculate the mass flow rate. This gives a similar measurement unit to that given by mass flow meters or Coriolis meters.
Heat or Energy Flow Rate: A knowledge of inlet and outlet fluid temperature and the specific heat capacity of the fluid allows the flow meter to calculate the heat flow rate. This is suitable for energy efficiency calculations for heating and chilling applications.
Totalised Flow: Both the Portasonic® PLUS and Permaflow® come with a flow totaliser function. The flow totaliser totalises (adds up) the volume of fluid that has flowed through the pipe. The totaliser function allows these rates (Volumetric Flow Rate, Mass Flow Rate, Heat or Energy Flow Rate) to be totalled and positive, negative and net values can be displayed.
Why Choose Coltraco’s Ultrasonic Flow Meters?
Our flow measurement devices provide accuracy and reliability, as proven at an ISO 17025-certified laboratory. We’re committed to providing the highest quality instruments to the UK market while remaining competitive on price. These ultrasonic meters are built with a special composite material to optimise ultrasound transmission, and all units come with a built-in oscilloscope for signal diagnostics that assists you in performing reliable measurements.
Our transit-time meters far surpass mechanical flow meters, with an accurate flow sensor that can calculate volume flow easily. Each ultrasonic flow meter from Coltraco is designed to cater to a wide range of pipe sizes. They are virtually maintenance free and once they’re installed, these ultrasonic flowmeters get straight to work.